Useful information about the taxon (species, subspecies, variety...)
Quercus ilex L. 1753
Fagaceae
(APG IV)holm oak, holly oak, evergreen oak
Taxon concept: World Flora Online
Distribution: Europe: Iberian Peninsula, France, Apennines, the Balkans; Turkey, northwestern Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya; naturalised: Switzerland, British Isles, Crimea
Size: 5 - 25 (m)
Flowering period: IV - V
Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Fagaceae (Zander 2008)Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Fagaceae (APG III)Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)
- Flowers
- monoecious species
- Flower ecology
- wind-pollinated (anemophilous)
- Life form
- tree or shrub
- Leaves
- coriaceous, lanceolate to ovate leaves
- Foliage persistence
- evergreen
- Fruits
- acorns are brown in colour and 1.5-2 cm long
- Fruit ecology
- gravity-dispersed (barochorous) and animal-dispersed (zoochorous)
- Soil conditions
- preferentially on siliceous or calcareous mobile substrates
- Natural occurrence (habitat)
- Mediterranean, montanous shrublands (Matorral), maquis vegetation, coniferous pre-forests (typically with Aleppo pine [Pinus halepensis Mill.])
- Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)
- warm-temperate broad-leaved evergreen sclerophylluous forests, woodlands and shrubs; in associations of the Junipero thuriferae-Quercion and Rhamno-Quercion cocciferae
- Constraints according radiation (light)
- shade-tolerant
- Life span
- long-lived species (to more than 1,000 years)
- Usage
- wood is used for carpentry tools; wood can also be used for firewood and for the production of charcoal; a powder made from the bark is used for the hemostasis and healing of lesions and wounds
Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.; The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;
