Gleditsia triacanthos L. - Accepted: Gleditsia triacanthos L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Caesalpiniaceae (Zander 2008)
Gleditsia triacanthos L. - Accepted: Gleditsia triacanthos L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) (APG III)
Gleditsia triacanthos L. - Accepted: Gleditsia triacanthos L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) (APG III)
Gleditsia triacanthos L. - Accepted: Gleditsia triacanthos L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) (APG IV)
Gleditsia triacanthos L. - Accepted: Gleditsia triacanthos L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) (APG IV)

Flowers

polygamodioecious; flowers in racemes

Flower ecology

pollinated by insects (bees and flies)

Life form

tree

Leaves

paripinnate

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

coriaceous pods (legumes)

Fruit ecology

animal-dispersed (endozoochorous) (cattle and horses)

Root type

deep-rooted (strong taproot)

Natural occurrence (habitat)

upland woodlands and borders, old fields, fencerows, river floodplains, hammocks, moist bottomlands, rocky hillsides

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed mesophytic deciduous forests

Constraints according soil conditions

somewhat tolerant of salinity

Constraints according moisture

drought-resistant

Constraints according radiation (light)

intolerant of shade

Constraints according habitat

highly tolerant of flooding

Chemical characters

contains more than 60 phytochemicals, thereunder polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols and saponins

Life span

relatively short lived (at maximum 125 years)

Usage

used in windbreaks; as ornamental tree

Phytopathogenic organisms

is severely infested by the honeylocust plant bug Blepharidopterus chlorionis

Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)

760

Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)

1,520

Gucker, C. L. (2011): Quercus macrocarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). See: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/quemac/all.html;

Mauri, A. et al. (2016): Quercus frainetto in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.;

Oaks of the World (Accessed: 2018): Quercus macranthera. See: http://oaks.of.the.world.free.fr/quercus_macranthera.htm;

Pritsch, Günter et al. (1985): Bienenweide.. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen;

Pritsch, Günter et al. (2007): 200 Trachtpflanzen erkennen und bewerten.. Kosmos, Stuttgart;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;