Celtis caucasica Willd. - Synonym: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Cannabaceae (APG III)
Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. - Accepted: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Cannabaceae (APG III)
Celtis caucasica Willd. - Accepted: Celtis caucasica Willd. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Ulmaceae (Zander 2008)
Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. - Accepted: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Ulmaceae (APG III)
Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. - Accepted: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Cannabaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

pale green

Flowers

hermaphrodite flowers; five-stellate flowers arranged to stalkness clusters

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous)

Life form

woody, tree or shrub

Leaves

ovate or ovate-lanceolate; margin serrate with sharp curved teeth; leaf base unequal

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

produces globose drupes

Fruit ecology

animal-dispersed (zoochorous, ornithochorous)

Soil conditions

on rocky (limestone) soils

Light conditions

full sun plant (heliophyte)

Root type

highly branched root system

Natural occurrence (habitat)

dry stony bluffs, rocks, crevices, ravines, and more rarely as undergrowth in clearings

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed deciduous forests and scrubs; in shiblyak communities (brushwood)

Constraints according moisture

drought-resistant

Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)

800

Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)

2,600

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Haider, M. et al. (2005): Wildbienenkataster. See: https://www.wildbienen-kataster.de;

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org;

Westrich, P. et al. (2018): Die Wildbienen Deutschlands.. Ulmer Verlag ISBN 978-8186-0123-2.;