Liquidambar orientalis Mill. - Accepted: Liquidambar orientalis Mill. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Hamamelidaceae (Zander 2008)
Liquidambar orientalis Mill. - unresolved: Liquidambar orientalis Mill. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Altingiaceae (APG III)
Liquidambar orientalis Mill. - Accepted: Liquidambar orientalis Mill. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Hamamelidaceae (APG III)
Liquidambar orientalis Mill. - unresolved: Liquidambar orientalis Mill. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Altingiaceae (APG IV)

Flowers

monoecious flowers; male flowers in raceme-like inflorescences and female flowers in pendulous spherical capitate inflorescences

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous)

Life form

tree

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

capsule fruit

Fruit ecology

wind-dispersed (anemochorous)

Soil conditions

preferentially on rich, deep, moist soils

Natural occurrence (habitat)

floodplains, waterlogged riparian forests, marshlands, river banks, valley sides near streams, coastal areas, slopes

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed mesophytic broad-leaved deciduous forests; in associations with Platanus orientalis, Alnus orientalis, Quercus cerris and Salix alba

Usage

used for the production of balsam (‘Liquid Storax‘), sweetgum oil and incense; sweetgum oil is used as raw material in the perfume industry; sweetgum oil/resin is used as a chemical stabiliser, e.g. for cakes, and to make chewing gums; used as a medicinal plant; wood is used for firewood due to high content of flammable oil; used as an ornamental tree

Global Biodiversity Information Facilty (GBIF). Online Publication: www.gbif.org;

Haider, M. et al. (2005): Wildbienenkataster. See: https://www.wildbienen-kataster.de;

Schick, B. & Spürgin, A. (1997): Die Bienenweide. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Auflage: 4., völlig neubearb. u. erw. A., 216 S. 978-3800174188.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;

Westrich, P. et al. (2018): Die Wildbienen Deutschlands.. Ulmer Verlag ISBN 978-8186-0123-2.;