Salix × fragilis L. - Accepted: Salix × fragilis L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Salicaceae (APG III)
Salix × fragilis L. - Accepted: Salix × fragilis L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Salicaceae (APG III)
Salix fragilis L. - Accepted: Salix fragilis L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Salicaceae (Zander 2008)
Salix fragilis L. - Synonym: Salix × fragilis L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Salicaceae (APG III)
Salix fragilis L. - Accepted: Salix fragilis L. bei Schmeil-Fitschen 2019; Familie: Salicaceae (APG IV)
Salix fragilis L. - Accepted: Salix fragilis L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Salicaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

yellow (male flowers) or green (female flowers)

Flowers

dioecious; flowers in catkins

Flower ecology

insect-pollinated (entomophilous) (bees)

Life form

woody, tree

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

capsule fruit; seeds with wooly white tuft

Fruit ecology

wind-dispersed (anemochorous) (seed dispersal) or water-dispersed (hydrochorous) (vegetative dispersal)

Soil conditions

on perculating wet, temporarily flooded, nutrient-rich and alkaline, mostly limestone-poor gravel, sand or loam soils, immature alluvial soils

Light conditions

semi-shade to full sun plant

Root type

intensive root system

Succession type

pioneer species, soil stabiliser

Natural occurrence (habitat)

willow scrubs, along small streams and stream banks, river valleys, at lakes, alder galleries, ditches, riparian zones, softwood floodplains; from lowland to middle highland, rather montane and in the North

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

character species of the Salicetum fragilis, but also in other Salicetum communities or in the Stellario-Alnetum (Alno-Ulmion)

Constraints according soil conditions

not salt tolerant

Constraints according habitat

tolerant to strong winds

Usage

stems are used for basket making; wood is used for floors, cart bases, for charcoal and as fuelwood; bark can be used as tanning agent and for medicinal purposes

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Jäger, E. (Hrsg.) (2011): Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Grundband. Band 2. Springer Spektrum Verlag, 20., neu bearb. u. wesentl. erw. Aufl.: 944 S. 978-3-8274-1606-3.;

Kew Gardens and Collaborators (2017): Plants of the World Online. see: plantsoftheworldonline.org.;

Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog);

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;

Plants for a Future (1996-2012): PFAF. See: https://pfaf.org/;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;