Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei Rothmaler 2017; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

yellow-green

Flowers

monoecious flowers; male flowers in long drooping catkins and female flowers in very small, few-flowered catkins

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous)

Life form

shrub, treelet, tree

Leaves

6-12 cm long, doubly serrate leaves with hairs on both sides

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

nut fruit with bell-shaped involucre

Fruit ecology

animal-dispersed (zoochorous) (birds, rodents: e.g. squirrels)

Soil conditions

on perculating or ground fresh, nutrient-rich, mildly to moderately acidic, humus-rich stone and loam soils

Light conditions

full sun to partial shade

Succession type

pioneer species

Natural occurrence (habitat)

understorey of open herb-rich deciduous forests, forming stands in hedgerows, forest edges, coppice forest, field scrub; from lowland to highland

Comment to ecology

fruitwood and lumber

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed mesophytic broad-leaved deciduous forests; especially in the Carpinion and Ulmion, but more optimal in older Prunetalia stages of potential sites of the Fagenion and Fagetalia, respectively, also at open scree e.g. in association with Clematis vit. in close proximity to the Tilio-Acerion; character species of the class Querco-Fagetea

Constraints according soil conditions

sensitive to salt

Status of alien naturalisation

indigenous

Comments

the pollen causes allergic reactions to sensitive people

General recommendation

recommended for beekeeping

Usage

as an ornamental shrub; edible nuts (hazelnuts) are used e.g. in chocolate industry, and for obtaining of nut oil; the wood (hazel stems) was traditionally used for fencing, barrel hoops and for wattle and daub plasterwork as building material; also used as a bee fodder plant

Phytopathogenic organisms

is affected by the pathogens Pseudomonas avellanae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. coryli which cause bacterial canker of the European hazel

Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)

0

Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)

2,000

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Enescu, C. M. et al. (2016): Corylus avellana in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publication Office of the EU, Luxembourg.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog);

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;

Schick, B. & Spürgin, A. (1997): Die Bienenweide. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Auflage: 4., völlig neubearb. u. erw. A., 216 S. 978-3800174188.;

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org;