Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Fagaceae (Zander 2008)
Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Fagaceae (APG III)
Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)
Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)
Quercus ilex L. - Accepted: Quercus ilex L. bei World Flora Online; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)

Flowers

monoecious species

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous)

Life form

tree or shrub

Leaves

coriaceous, lanceolate to ovate leaves

Foliage persistence

evergreen

Fruits

acorns are brown in colour and 1.5-2 cm long

Fruit ecology

gravity-dispersed (barochorous) and animal-dispersed (zoochorous)

Soil conditions

preferentially on siliceous or calcareous mobile substrates

Natural occurrence (habitat)

Mediterranean, montanous shrublands (Matorral), maquis vegetation, coniferous pre-forests (typically with Aleppo pine [Pinus halepensis Mill.])

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

warm-temperate broad-leaved evergreen sclerophylluous forests, woodlands and shrubs; in associations of the Junipero thuriferae-Quercion and Rhamno-Quercion cocciferae

Constraints according radiation (light)

shade-tolerant

Life span

long-lived species (to more than 1,000 years)

Usage

wood is used for carpentry tools; wood can also be used for firewood and for the production of charcoal; a powder made from the bark is used for the hemostasis and healing of lesions and wounds

Barbero, M., Loisel, R. & Quézel, P. (1992): Quercus ilex L. ecosystems: function, dynamics and management. Advances in Vegetation Science, 13: 19-34.;

de Rigo, D. & Caudullo, G. (2016): Quercus ilex in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;