Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Tiliaceae (Zander 2008)
Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Malvaceae (APG III)
Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. - Synonym: Tilia cordata Mill. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Malvaceae (APG III)
Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Malvaceae (APG III)
Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Malvaceae (APG IV)
Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei Schmeil-Fitschen 2019; Familie: Malvaceae (APG IV)
Tilia cordata Mill. - Accepted: Tilia cordata Mill. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Malvaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

whitish green

Flowers

hermaphrodite flowers

Flower ecology

insect-pollinated (honeybees)

Life form

woody, tree

Leaves

upper leaf side glabrous

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruit ecology

wind-dispersed (anemochorous)

Soil conditions

preferentially on fresh to moderately dry, alkaline, neutral to slightly acidic, humus-rich, mostly deep, sandy or stony loam, loess or clay soils

Light conditions

semi-shade to shade plant (Oberdorfer 2001)

Root type

top soil and deep rooting plant

Succession type

soil stabiliser

Natural occurrence (habitat)

thermophilous mixed deciduous forests, oak-hornbeam forests, oak-ash forests, mixed ravine and slope forests, maple slope forests, montane forests; at summer warm climate sites

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed mesophytic deciduous forests; Carpinion character species, also member of Tilio-Acerion, Quercion roboris or Alno-Ulmion

Constraints according soil conditions

sensitive to salt

Constraints according moisture

not drought resistant

General recommendation

recommended for beekeeping

Usage

as ornamental tree; wood can be used for making small furniture and tool handles; used as medicinal plant: has sedative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties

Phytopathogenic organisms

is sensitive to the fungal pathogen Phytophthora plurivora

Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)

0

Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)

1,600

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Eaton, E. et al. (2016): Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos and other limes in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publication Office of the EU, Luxembourg;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog);

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org;