Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Fagaceae (Zander 2008)
Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Fagaceae (APG III)
Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Fagaceae (APG III)
Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)
Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Fagaceae (APG IV)
Castanea sativa Mill. - Accepted: Castanea sativa Mill. bei World Flora Online - APG IV (Angiosperms); Familie: Fagaceae (World Flora Online - APG IV (Angiosperms))

Flowers

monoecious flowers in catkins

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous) and insect-pollinated (entomophilous)

Life form

woody, tree

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3-7 brownish nuts

Fruit ecology

barochorous and zoochorous (squirrels and other animals)

Soil conditions

on moderately dry (to perculating fresh), moderately alkaline, lime-deficient, loose, acidic, moder to humus-rich, sandy stone and loam soil (oligotrophic brown soils)

Light conditions

(full sun), partial-shade plant

Root type

deep-rooted and wide spreading

Natural occurrence (habitat)

Mediterranean habitats, mesophilic deciduous forests, forest edges, gras-rich bottomland oak forests, hedgerows, scrub

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate, mixed mesophytic deciduous forests to warm-temperate forests, woodlands and scrub

Usage

edible nuts; tannins in leaves and bark are astringent and can be used in the treatment of bleeding, diarrhoea, etc.

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Haider, M. et al. (2005): Wildbienenkataster. See: https://www.wildbienen-kataster.de;

Maurizio, Anna et al. (1982): Nektar und Pollen - die wichtigsten Nahrungsquellen der Honigbiene. 4. Ehrenwirth, München, 3, überabeitete Auflage;

Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog);

Pritsch, Günter et al. (1985): Bienenweide.. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen;

Pritsch, Günter et al. (2007): 200 Trachtpflanzen erkennen und bewerten.. Kosmos, Stuttgart;

Schick, B. & Spürgin, A. (1997): Die Bienenweide. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Auflage: 4., völlig neubearb. u. erw. A., 216 S. 978-3800174188.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;

Werle, Susanne et al. (2015): ITS2 DNA metabarcoding of wild bee pollen loads, collected in 2020 and 2021 across all three exploratories. See: https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31545?version=6;

Westrich, P. et al. (2018): Die Wildbienen Deutschlands.. Ulmer Verlag ISBN 978-8186-0123-2.;