Euonymus europaeus L. - Accepted: Euonymus europaeus L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Celastraceae (APG III)
Euonymus europaeus L. - Accepted: Euonymus europaeus L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Celastraceae (APG III)
Euonymus europaeus L. - Accepted: Euonymus europaeus L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Celastraceae (APG IV)
Euonymus europaeus L. - Accepted: Euonymus europaeus L. bei Schmeil-Fitschen 2019; Familie: Celastraceae (APG IV)
Euonymus europaeus L. - Accepted: Euonymus europaeus L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Celastraceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

greenish white

Flowers

hermaphrodite flowers

Flower ecology

insect-pollinated (entomophilous) (mainly Diptera and Hymenoptera)

Life form

woody, shrub

Leaves

opposite; lamina ovate to lanceolate, dark green

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

fleshy capsule, contains seeds with orange arillus (seed coat)

Soil conditions

on fresh, nutrient- and base-rich, more or less deep clay and loam soils as well as mull soils

Root type

densely rooted

Natural occurrence (habitat)

hedgerows, herb-rich alluvial forests; from lowland to middle highland, (limestone and loam regions)

Comment to ecology

indicator of loam soils

Natural propagation (all types)

vegetative reproduction through stump sprouts and root sprouts

Safety advice

seed is toxic

Status of alien naturalisation

indigenous plant

General recommendation

recommended for beekeeping

Usage

as ornamental plant

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Jäger, E. J. et al. (2007): Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 5: Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Aufl. 31.10.2007: 880.;

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;

The International Plant Names Index (2009). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org; Courtesy to IPNI, 2009. Exported from IPNI at date: 2009-09-22 20:17:51;