Betula pendula Roth 1788

Betulaceae (APG IV)
silver birch
Taxon concept: Schmeil-Fitschen 2019
Distribution: Europe, West Siberia, Turkey, North Iraq, Caucasus, North Iran, Morocco
Size: 10 - 25 (m)
Flowering period: IV - V

Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)
Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Betula verrucosa Ehrh. - Synonym: Betula pendula Roth bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)
Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Betula pendula Roth - Accepted: Betula pendula Roth bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower
greenish
Flowers
monoecious; male flowers in hanging catkins and female flowers in erect catkins
Flower ecology
wind-pollinated (anemophilous)
Life form
woody, tree
Leaves
triangular shape, coarsely double serrate, 3-7 cm in size
Foliage persistence
deciduous
Fruits
winged nut fruits (samaras)
Fruit ecology
wind-dispersed (anemochorous)
Soil conditions
predominantly on moist to dry, moderately nutrient- and more or less alkaline-poor, mostly more or less acidic, humus-rich soils of all kind, with preference to sandy soils
Light conditions
full sun, leaved wood
Root type
intensely shallow-rooted
Succession type
pioneer species, accessorial wood
Natural occurrence (habitat)
pollarded deciduous and coniferous woodlands, pioneer forests, acidophilous oak forests, bogs, rough pastures, heathlands, quarries, burned areas in bogs; at more or less humid climate sites; from lowland to highland
Comment to ecology
low demands on soil quality; hardy; soil stabiliser
Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)
temperate broad-leaved deciduous forests to boreal coniferous forests; in pioneer forest communities of the Quercion robori and Luzulo-Fagenion
Constraints according soil conditions
not salt tolerant
Constraints according radiation (light)
intolerant of shade
Recommendation (regional context)
only limited suitable as urban tree
Life span
up to 150 years old
Usage
wood is used for veneer; sap is used in cosmetic industry for the production of hair tonic
Phytopathogenic organisms
can be affected by birch rust caused by the fungus Melampsoridium betulinum
Bark
smooth, silvery-white with horizontal dark grey lenticels

Beck, P. et al. (2016): Betula pendula, Betula pubescens and other birches in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.). European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publication Office of the EU, Luxembourg.;

Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.;

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog);

Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.;



[ ' 2013-06-15 ' , 48.71188,9.21403, 1], ]; var map;var myLatLng = new google.maps.LatLng(48.71188,9.21403); function initialize() { var mapOptions = { zoom: 17, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.SATELLITE, tilt: 0, center: myLatLng, mapTypeControl: true, panControl: true, panControlOptions: {position: google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_RIGHT}, zoomControl: true, zoomControlOptions: { style: google.maps.ZoomControlStyle.LARGE, position: google.maps.ControlPosition.LEFT_CENTER } } var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); setMarkers(map, BGUs); } function setMarkers(map, locations) { var image = { url: '/TreeSymbolWebGoogleMaps3.png', size: new google.maps.Size(20, 32), origin: new google.maps.Point(0,0), anchor: new google.maps.Point(0, 32) }; var shape = { coords: [1, 1, 1, 20, 18, 20, 18 , 1], type: 'poly' }; for (var i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) { var BGUs = locations[i]; var myLatLng = new google.maps.LatLng(BGUs[1], BGUs[2]); var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatLng, map: map, icon: image, shape: shape, title: BGUs[0], zIndex: BGUs[3] }); } } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);


Last update:
Taxonomic update: Helmut Dalitz on: 11.5.2021
Update of the description: Christiane Dalitz; Matthias Krause; latest by: Matthias Krause on: 24.4.2019

In the list below you will find the geographic coordinates of many wild growing plants in the garden. In these cases the points are marked in the map.
If the date of observation is too old, than plants may have disappeared.

Locality Datum (ISO) Agent Lat. Long. Projekt
Hohenheimer Gärten
 2013-06-15 Böcker, Kondraskov, Rosenbauer, Schütz 0 0 Tag der Artenvielfalt 2013


(iii) a commercial license. * This file remains the exclusive property of 4D and/or its licensors * and is protected by national and international legislations. * In any event, Licensee's compliance with the terms and conditions * of the applicable license constitutes a prerequisite to any use of this file. * Except as otherwise expressly stated in the applicable license, * such license does not include any other license or rights on this file, * 4D's and/or its licensors' trademarks and/or other proprietary rights. * Consequently, no title, copyright or other proprietary rights * other than those specified in the applicable license is granted. --> 404 - Not Found

404 - Not Found