Corylus avellana L. 1753
Betulaceae
(APG IV)European hazel, common hazel, cobnut
Taxon concept: Schmeil-Fitschen 2019
Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Northern Iran; introduced and cultivated in the United States and Canada
Size: 1 - 5 (m)
Flowering period: II - III
Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)Corylus avellana L. - Accepted: Corylus avellana L. bei Rothmaler 2017; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
- Color of flower
- yellow-green
- Flowers
- monoecious flowers; male flowers in long drooping catkins and female flowers in very small, few-flowered catkins
- Flower ecology
- wind-pollinated (anemophilous)
- Life form
- shrub, treelet, tree
- Leaves
- 6-12 cm long, doubly serrate leaves with hairs on both sides
- Foliage persistence
- deciduous
- Fruits
- nut fruit with bell-shaped involucre
- Fruit ecology
- animal-dispersed (zoochorous) (birds, rodents: e.g. squirrels)
- Soil conditions
- on perculating or ground fresh, nutrient-rich, mildly to moderately acidic, humus-rich stone and loam soils
- Light conditions
- full sun to partial shade
- Succession type
- pioneer species
- Natural occurrence (habitat)
- understorey of open herb-rich deciduous forests, forming stands in hedgerows, forest edges, coppice forest, field scrub; from lowland to highland
- Comment to ecology
- fruitwood and lumber
- Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)
- temperate, mixed mesophytic broad-leaved deciduous forests; especially in the Carpinion and Ulmion, but more optimal in older Prunetalia stages of potential sites of the Fagenion and Fagetalia, respectively, also at open scree e.g. in association with Clematis vit. in close proximity to the Tilio-Acerion; character species of the class Querco-Fagetea
- Constraints according soil conditions
- sensitive to salt
- Status of alien naturalisation
- indigenous
- Comments
- the pollen causes allergic reactions to sensitive people
- General recommendation
- recommended for beekeeping
- Usage
- as an ornamental shrub; edible nuts (hazelnuts) are used e.g. in chocolate industry, and for obtaining of nut oil; the wood (hazel stems) was traditionally used for fencing, barrel hoops and for wattle and daub plasterwork as building material; also used as a bee fodder plant
- Phytopathogenic organisms
- is affected by the pathogens Pseudomonas avellanae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. coryli which cause bacterial canker of the European hazel
- Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)
- 0
- Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)
- 2,000
Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) (1999-2001 and ongoing): Floraweb - Daten und Informationen zu Wildpflanzen und zur Vegetation Deutschlands. www.floraweb.de.; Enescu, C. M. et al. (2016): Corylus avellana in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publication Office of the EU, Luxembourg.; Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.; Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Forsten, Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) (1985): Pflanzenkatalog zur Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums (Kurztitel: Bienenweidekatalog); Oberdorfer, E. (2001): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 8., stark überarb. u. erg. Aufl, 1056 S. 978-3-8001-3131-0.; Schick, B. & Spürgin, A. (1997): Die Bienenweide. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Auflage: 4., völlig neubearb. u. erw. A., 216 S. 978-3800174188.; The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org;
Last update:
Taxonomic update: Helmut Dalitz on: 28.5.2021Update of the description: Christiane Dalitz; Matthias Krause; latest by: Matthias Krause on: 1.4.2019In the list below you will find the geographic coordinates of many wild growing plants in the garden. In these cases the points are marked in the map. If the date of observation is too old, than plants may have disappeared.| Locality | Datum (ISO) | Agent | Lat. | Long. | Projekt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hohenheimer Gärten – Schlosspark3 | 2021-05-25 | Nathalie Hund | 48,71125 | 9,21183 | Bachelorarbeit |
| Hohenheimer Gärten – Schlosspark28 | 2021-06-18 | Nathalie Hund | 48,71058 | 9,2136 | Bachelorarbeit |