Carpinus caroliniana Walter - Accepted: Carpinus caroliniana Walter bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)
Carpinus caroliniana Walter - Accepted: Carpinus caroliniana Walter bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Carpinus caroliniana Walter - Accepted: Carpinus caroliniana Walter bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Corylaceae ()
Carpinus caroliniana Walter - Accepted: Carpinus caroliniana Walter bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)

Life form

small tree

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

ribbed, 4-6 mm long nut fruit

Fruit ecology

wind-dispersed (anemochorous) and bird-dispersed (ornithochorous)

Soil conditions

primarily on moist, poorly to imperfectly drained, rich loamy soils

Succession type

late seral and climax species

Natural occurrence (habitat)

borders of rivers and swamps, hammocks, bottomlands

Constraints according radiation (light)

shade tolerant

Usage

wood is used for tool handles, mallets, and golf club heads

Bark

thin and smooth

Altidudinal lower limit (sea level in m)

60

Altitudinal higher limit (sea level in m)

910

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;

Sullivan, J. (1994): Carpinus caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). See: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/carcar/all.html;