Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei Zander 2008; Familie: Betulaceae (Zander 2008)
Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei The Plant List (2014), version 1.1; Familie: Betulaceae (APG III)
Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei The Plant List (2010); Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei Schmeil-Fitschen 2019; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)
Carpinus betulus L. - Accepted: Carpinus betulus L. bei BfN Checklist Flora DE; Familie: Betulaceae (APG IV)

Color of flower

green

Flowers

monoecious; male and female flowers arranged in catkins

Flower ecology

wind-pollinated (anemophilous)

Life form

woody, tree

Leaves

dark-green, at the base somewhat heart-shaped; alternate

Foliage persistence

deciduous

Fruits

nut fruit with tripartite, aliform involucre

Fruit ecology

wind-dispersed (anemochorous)

Soil conditions

tolerant to a wide amplitude of moisture levels; preferentially on fresh to moderately dry, moderately nutrient-rich, usually slightly acidic, humus-rich, deep sandy and loamy soils

Light conditions

shade-loving tree (partial to full shade plant)

Root type

deep-rooted

Natural occurrence (habitat)

grass- and herb-rich bottomland deciduous forests, oak-beech forests, mixed forests, hedgerows, forest edges, shrubs; oak-hornbeam forest; in summer-warm climates

Comment to ecology

hardy

Vegetation typ and synecology (plant community)

temperate broad-leaved and mixed mesophytic forests; character species of the Carpinion, further occurs in the Prunetalia scrub

Constraints according soil conditions

not salt-tolerant

Status of alien naturalisation

native

Usage

the wood is heavy and very hard (harder than wood of oak and beech) and is used for tools and building construction; serves as a very suitable firewood

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2008): Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. Band 2. Arten und Sorten. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 18. Aufl., 2103 S.;